This article makes a major contribution to the current debate around the benefits of reducing working time to enhance mental health. Analysing a massive data set covering nationally representative samples of employed people in 34 European countries, Wang et al. conclude work quality indices are significantly more important to mental health than work quantity.
From seven work quality indices studied, all bar ‘earnings’ (!) had a significant impact on mental health. The study identified meaningful work, social environment, and to a lesser extent work intensity as the key work quality drivers affecting mental health.
In terms of work quantity, it was not the number of hours per se making a critical difference but whether the number of hours worked matched the employees’ preference. Both, those feeling over- and those feeling underemployed, have worse mental health than those who had their preferences met. The most important role in explaining the variance in respondents’ mental health, however, was played by job quality indicators which also attenuated any impact resulting from job quantity mismatch.
Whilst there are complex interdependences to navigate, we can derive clear practical recommendations from this study. Meaningful work and a favourable social environment are the key levers to enhance mental health in the workplace. In addition, organisations should embrace individuals’ work time preferences and balance intensity over time for optimal mental health.
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